Quaternion Orthogonal Transformer for Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a challenging topic in artificial intelligence. Recently, many researchers have attempted to introduce Vision Transformer (ViT) to the FER task. However, ViT cannot fully utilize emotional features extracted from raw images and requires a lot of computing resources. To overcome these problems, we propose a quaternion orthogonal transformer (QOT) for FER. Firstly, to reduce redundancy among features extracted from pre-trained ResNet-50, we use the orthogonal loss to decompose and compact these features into three sets of orthogonal sub-features. Secondly, three orthogonal sub-features are integrated into a quaternion matrix, which maintains the correlations between different orthogonal components. Finally, we develop a quaternion vision transformer (Q-ViT) for feature classification. The Q-ViT adopts quaternion operations instead of the original operations in ViT, which improves the final accuracies with fewer parameters. Experimental results on three in-the-wild FER datasets show that the proposed QOT outperforms several state-of-the-art models and reduces the computations.Comment: This paper has been accepted to ICASSP202

Research for Global Coordinating Method of Large Equipment Scheduling in Construction Site

Much energy is dissipated when large equipment moves slowly. Generally, equipment scheduling at construction site is supposed to minimize equipment slowdown and deadhead moving. Table methods are always adopted to optimize transfer sequence, but the feasible solution is well disappointing. For the acceptable solution relevant to task points in construction equipment scheduling, transfer table is divided into four regions. After proper augmentation and deflation, the acceptable solution evolves into global coordinating solution of construction scheduling, which contributes to minimizing slowdown and deadhead mileages. This method has been verified in practical engineering and is a significant reference on decision making of construction equipment scheduling

An Orderly Untangling Model against Arching Effect in Emergency Evacuation Based on Equilibrium Partition of Crowd

To untangle the arching effect of a crowd as much as possible in emergency evacuations, we employ a theoretical model of equilibrium partition of crowd batch. Based on the shortest time arrangement of evacuation, the crowd is divided into appropriate batches according to the occupied time of evacuation channel in order to determine the occupant number of every evacuation passageway. The number of each batch crowd is calculated under the condition that the time of entering the evacuation passageway is equal to the time of crossing over the evacuation passageway. Subsequently, the shortest processing time (SPT) rule establishes the evacuation order of each batch. Taking a canteen of China Three Gorges University as a background, we obtain the waiting time from the first person to the last one entering the evacuation channel in every batch by simulation. This research utilizes data from simulations to observe an untangling process against the arching effect based on the SPT rule. More specifically, evacuation time only lasts for 180.1 s in order and is 1.6 s longer than that in disorder, but the arching effect disappears. Policy recommendations are offered to improve the evacuation scheme in disaster operations

Proton pitch angle distributions in the Martian induced magnetosphere: A survey of Tianwen-1 Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer observations

The pitch angle distributions of ions and electrons can be affected by various processes; thus, they can serve as an important indicator of the physical mechanisms driving the dynamics of space plasmas. From observations from the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter, we calculated the pitch angle distributions of protons in the Martian induced magnetosphere by using information from the magnetohydrodynamically simulated magnetic field, and we statistically analyzed the spatial occurrence pattern of different types of pitch angle distributions. Even though no symmetrical features were seen in the dataset, we found the dominance of the field-aligned distribution type over the energy range from 188 to 6232 eV. Maps of the occurrence rate showed the preferential presence of a trapped-like distribution at the lower altitudes of the surveyed nightside region. Although our results are more or less restricted by the adopted magnetic field, they indicate the complexity of the near-Mars proton pitch angle distributions and infer the possibility of wave–particle interactions in the Martian induced magnetosphere

Visualizing Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristic of Traffic Accidents in China

The interaction among social economy, geography, and environment leads to the occurrence of traffic accidents, which shows the relationship between time and space. Therefore, it is necessary to study the temporal and spatial correlation and provide a theoretical basis for formulating traffic accident safety management policies. This paper aims to explore the traffic accident patterns in 31 provinces of China by using statistical analysis and spatial clustering analysis. The results show that there is a significant spatial autocorrelation among traffic accidents in various provinces and cities in China, which means that in space, the number of traffic accidents and deaths is high with high aggregation and low with low aggregation. Positive spatial autocorrelation is primarily concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, while negative spatial autocorrelation is mainly concentrated in the western areas. Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, and Shandong are typical areas of traffic accidents, which deviate from the overall positive spatial autocorrelation trend. Traffic accidents in Sichuan are much more serious than those in neighboring provinces and cities; however, in recent years, this situation has disappeared

Visualizing Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristic of Traffic Accidents in China

The interaction among social economy, geography, and environment leads to the occurrence of traffic accidents, which shows the relationship between time and space. Therefore, it is necessary to study the temporal and spatial correlation and provide a theoretical basis for formulating traffic accident safety management policies. This paper aims to explore the traffic accident patterns in 31 provinces of China by using statistical analysis and spatial clustering analysis. The results show that there is a significant spatial autocorrelation among traffic accidents in various provinces and cities in China, which means that in space, the number of traffic accidents and deaths is high with high aggregation and low with low aggregation. Positive spatial autocorrelation is primarily concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, while negative spatial autocorrelation is mainly concentrated in the western areas. Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, and Shandong are typical areas of traffic accidents, which deviate from the overall positive spatial autocorrelation trend. Traffic accidents in Sichuan are much more serious than those in neighboring provinces and cities; however, in recent years, this situation has disappeared

Network structure diagram of the factors that cause lifting accidents.

Network structure diagram of the factors that cause lifting accidents.</p

Diagram of the two-dimensional topological potential distribution.

Diagram of the two-dimensional topological potential distribution.</p

Rankings for the top 5 nodes in terms of in-degree topological potential.

Rankings for the top 5 nodes in terms of in-degree topological potential.</p